Content ITV PRO
This is Itvedant Content department
Waits and Handling
Implicit, Explicit, Fluent Waits
Learning Outcome
5
Improve test stability and reliability using proper wait strategies
4
Use waits to synchronize tests with application behavior.
3
Differentiate between Implicit, Explicit, and Fluent waits
2
Learn the concept of waits in automation testing
1
Understand why tests fail when elements load slowly
Waits: Making Your Test Patient
By synchronizing test execution with the application's state, waits ensure elements are ready before interaction
Waits are commands that tell Selenium to pause until a condition is met
They prevent flaky tests and improve automation stability
What is Waits?
ImplicitWait: A GlobalWait Strategy
- Applies globally to all elements
- Lacks fine-grained control
Pros
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10,TimeUnit.SECONDS); What It Is
Sets a default wait time for every element search in your test session
Syntax
- Easy to implement
- Requires minimal code changes
Con
ExplicitWait: PrecisionWaiting with Conditions
Find Element
Interact
Pause until specific condition is met
Locate the element using a selector
Perform the desired action
Wait for Condition
1
2
3
Common Conditions for ExplicitWaits
Purpose
Conditon
Use Case
Waits until element is visible and enabled
elementToBeClickable()
Submit buttons after form validation
Waits until element is rendered and has size
visibilityOfElementLocated()
Modal dialogs, tooltips
Waits for JavaScript alert to appear
alertIsPresent()
Confirmation dialogs
Waits for element to exist in DOM
visibilityOfElementLocated()
Hidden elements, upcoming content
Fluent Wait: Custom Polling and Exception Handling
Check for condition at regular intervals until satisfied
Poll Repeatedly
Define timeout duration, polling frequency, and exceptions to ignore
CreateWait Instance
Gracefully manage exceptions during polling cycles
Handle Exception
Wait wait = new FluentWait(driver)
.withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(20))
.pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(2))
.ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class);
Choosing the Right Wait for the Right Scenario
ImplicitWait
- Simple, consistent delays
FluentWait
- Retry logic for flaky element
ExplicitWait
- Specific conditions
Low control granularity
Avoid with many dynamic elements
Global scope
Highest control granularity
Ideal for inconsistent timing
Per-element scope
Per-element scope
Best for fine control
High control granularity
Waits in Real Automation Projects
Wait for login button to become clickable after credentials are entered
Poll a data table after form submission until results appear
Wait for modal to close before interacting with elements behind it
Login Button
ModalWindow
Dynamic Table
Wait Smarter, Test Better
Review Flaky Tests
-
Identify unstable tests in your suite
Improve Test Reliability
-
Enjoy more consistent test results
Apply RightWait Strategy
-
Choose appropriate wait technique
Summary
5
4
3
2
1
Modern web applications load elements dynamically, which can cause test failures
Waits help tests pause until elements are ready
Implicit wait sets a default wait time for all elements
Explicit wait waits for specific conditions before interaction
Fluent wait allows custom waiting with polling and exception handling
Quiz
Which wait applies a default wait time to all elements?
A. Explicit Wait
B. Fluent Wait
C. Implicit Wait
D. Static Wait
Quiz-Answer
Which wait applies a default wait time to all elements?
A. Explicit Wait
B. Fluent Wait
C. Implicit Wait
D. Static Wait
Implicit, Explicit, Fluent Waits
By Content ITV
