CMD, GIT & GITHUB

What is CMD?

CMD (Command Prompt) is a command-line tool in Microsoft Windows that allows users to interact with the computer by typing text commands instead of using a mouse.

It is also called:

Command Prompt

Windows Command Line

CLI (Command Line Interface)

Purpose of CMD

CMD is used to:

✅ Manage files and folders

✅ Run programs

✅ Check system details

✅ Perform network testing

✅ Troubleshoot issues

✅ Execute batch files (.bat)

How CMD Works

When you open CMD, you see something like:

This is called the command prompt path.

You type a command after > and press Enter.
The computer executes the command and shows the result.

</> CODE

C:\Users\YourName>

Basic Components of CMD

1️⃣ Prompt Path → Shows current location

2️⃣ Command → Instruction you type

3️⃣ Output Area → Result displayed

4️⃣ Cursor → Blinking line waiting for command

Common Basic Commands

Command	Purpose
dir	Show files & folders
cd	Change directory
mkdir	Create folder
rmdir	Delete folder
cls	Clear screen
ipconfig	Show IP address
ping	Check network connection

Where is CMD Used?

✔ Software Testing

✔ Networking

✔ DevOps

✔ System Administration

✔ Automation

✔ Troubleshooting

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages of CMD	Disadvantages of CMD
Fast execution	No graphical interface
Uses less memory	Requires command knowledge
Powerful for automation	Mistyped commands can cause errors
Useful for technical roles

Definition

CMD is a Windows tool where we type commands to control the computer and perform tasks without using a mouse".

CMD Practical Exercises

(Command Prompt is available in Microsoft Windows)

These exercises are perfect for beginners / freshers 👇
Practice them step-by-step in CMD.

Basic Practice

Exercise 1: Open CMD

Press Windows + R
Type cmd
Press Enter

Exercise 2: Check Current Location

</> CODE

Observe your current path.

Exercise 3: List Files & Folders

</> CODE

dir

See all files and folders in that location.

Exercise 4: Create a Folder

</> CODE

mkdir StudentPractice

</> CODE

dir

Exercise 5: Enter Inside Folder

</> CODE

cd StudentPractice

Exercise 6: Go Back

</> CODE

cd . .

Exercise 7: Create a Text File

</> CODE

cd StudentPractice

File Handling Practice

Go inside folder:

</> CODE

echo Hello CMD > test.txt

Create file:

Exercise 7: Create a Text File

</> CODE

dir

File Handling Practice

Check:

Exercise 8: View File Content

</> CODE

type test.txt

Exercise 9: Copy File

</> CODE

copy test.txt test2.txt

</> CODE

dir

Check:

Exercise 10: Delete File

</> CODE

del test2.txt

Exercise 11: Check IP Address

</> CODE

ipconfig

System & Network Practice

Exercise 12: Check Internet Connection

</> CODE

ping google.com

Exercise 13: Check Computer Name

</> CODE

hostname

Exercise 14: Clear Screen

</> CODE

cls

Mini Project

</> CODE

College
├── IT
├── HR
└── Finance

steps:-

</> CODE

mkdir College
cd College
mkdir IT
mkdir HR
mkdir Finance

Mini Project

</> CODE

dir

What is GitHub?

GitHub is a cloud-based platform used to store, manage, and share code.

It works with Git to track changes in files and projects.

GitHub is owned by Microsoft.

Definition

GitHub is an online platform where developers store their code and collaborate with others.

What is Git?

Git is a version control system created by Linus Torvalds in 2005.

Git helps to:

Track changes in code

Go back to previous versions

Work in teams without losing data

Git works locally (on your computer)
GitHub works online (cloud)

Purpose of GitHub

GitHub is used to:

✅ Store projects online

✅ Backup code

✅ Collaborate with team members

✅ Track changes

✅ Manage software development

✅ Share open-source projects

Important GitHub Terms

1️⃣ Repository (Repo)

A folder/project stored on GitHub.

2️⃣ Commit

Saving changes in the project.

3️⃣ Branch

A separate version of the project to work on new features.

4️⃣ Pull Request (PR)

Request to merge changes into the main project.

5️⃣ Clone

Download repository to your computer

How GitHub Works

1️⃣ Developer writes code

2️⃣ Saves changes using Git

3️⃣ Pushes code to GitHub

4️⃣ Team members review

5️⃣ Merge into main project

Where GitHub is Used?

✔ Software Development

✔ DevOps

✔ Testing Automation

✔ Open Source Projects

✔ Student Projects

✔ IT Companies

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages	Disadvantages
Free for students	Requires Git knowledge
Easy collaboration	Internet required
Version history tracking	Learning curve for beginners
Cloud backup
Project management tools

What is Git?

Git is a distributed version control system used to track changes in files and manage software development projects.

It was created in 2005 by Linus Torvalds

Definition

Git is a tool that helps developers track changes in their code and work together without losing data.

Why Git Was Created?

Before Git:

Developers faced code conflicts
No proper version tracking
Hard to manage team projects

So Git was created to:
✅ Track every change
✅ Allow multiple developers to work together
✅ Prevent data loss
✅ Maintain project history

What is Version Control?

Version control means:

Saving different versions of files
Going back to previous versions
Tracking who made changes

Example:
If your code breaks today
You can go back to yesterday’s working version

How Git Works

1️⃣ Create project folder

2️⃣ Initialize Git

3️⃣ Add files

4️⃣ Commit changes

5️⃣ Track history

CMD & GIT-GITHUB

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CMD & GIT-GITHUB

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